Nilgiri biosphere

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. It is located in the Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of India. Wide ranges of ecosystems and species diversity are found in this region. Thus, it was a natural choice for the premier biosphere reserve of  the country.

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was established mainly to fulfill the following objectives:

To conserve insitu genetic diversity of species

To restore degraded ecosystems to their natural conditions

To provide baseline data for ecological and environmental research and education

To function as an alternate model for sustainable development

Geography

The total area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is 5,520 sq. km.  It is located in the Western Ghats between 76°- 77°15‘E and 11°15‘ - 12°15‘N.   The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve encompasses  parts of Tamilnadu, Kerala   and Karnataka. The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm with temperature ranging from 0°C during winter to 41°C during summer.

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve falls under the biogeographic region of  the Malabar rain forest. The Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Wyanaad Wildlife Sanctuary Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Mukurthi National Park and Silent Valley are the protected areas present within this reserve.
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